TM/2 Organochlorines & Pyrethroid 30 test

Introduction

Among pesticides, organochlorine and pyrethroid compounds are classified as insecticides, as their most relevant role is in the control of insect pests. Apart from natural compounds such as nicotine or rotenone, which have been used as insecticides for a few centuries, organochlorines represent the first important class of insecticides developed by the burgeoning chemical industry in the first half of the 20th century. Pyrethroids were developed in the 1970s, after two other major classes of insecticides, the organophosphates and the carbamates. Additional novel classes of insecticides, such as the neonicotinoids or the phenylpyrazoles, have been more recently introduced. In contrast to the organochlorine compounds, most of which have been banned in the past several years, the pyrethroids still demand a substantial share of the insecticide market.

All of the chemical insecticides are neurotoxicants, as they act by poisoning the nervous system of the target organisms (Costa et al., 2008; Casida, 2009; Table 9.1). The central nervous system of insects is highly developed and not unlike that of mammals, and the peripheral nervous system, though less complex, also presents striking similarities (Costa, 2013). Thus, insecticides are mostly not species-selective with regard to targets of toxicity, and mammals, including humans, are highly sensitive to their toxic effects. This chapter will review the major aspects of the neurotoxicity of organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides with a particular emphasis on their effects in humans, and their potential contribution to nervous system disorders.http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/organochlorine-pesticides

Principles

It is a test method for organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide in vegetable, fruits, cereals and grain.

It uses TLC separation principle and test by chemical reaction and expose to UV at wavelength of 254 nm to create colour, if there is organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide grey , brown-black spot on the TLC sheet will occur.

Effectiveness of Test Kit

To detection of toxic residue Oganochlorine compound and  pyrethroid, Cholinesterase inhibitors reagent in food within 30-45 minutes

Detection limit 0.05 mg./Kg.

Specificity 100%

Sensitivity 83.8%

Accuracy 89.5%

Pesticides test kit for 2 group

Test / Kit            30 Test/ Kit

Shelf Life           12 Month

Keeping             Below 8-26 C

Reagent contain in the box

Equipment in Box : Extra purchase

Additional Equipment Required :(Used outside of the Laboratory) if used in the Laboratory facilities it no need purchase)

1. Water bath temperature at 48±2C include sieve
2. UV box (UV 254 nm)
3. Bottle soaked sheet (TLC tank)
4. Cups metal
5. Bottle for sample and dropper
6. Butcher knife for slicing sample
7. Tweezers (forcept)
8. Tray for placing TLC sheet
9. Gloves
10. Timer

Test Solution Preparation

Drow 10 ml GPO-5 solution and 2 ml liquid volume GPO- TM 5.1 into the TLC tank. Shake well and let it sits for at least 30 minute before the test

Test Procedure

Sample preparation and Extraction

Chop vegetables and fruits thoroughly. Put them into the bottle of approximately 5 grams or 4 lines on the bottle, in case of whole grains, use about 2.5 grams or 2 line on the bottle. Label every sample bottle

.Use a dropper to drown 5 ml of the extraction in to the sample bottle. Shake sturdily for 1 minute and let it sit for 5 minute

Evaporation
Use the plastic dropper to drown 1 ml of the clear extraction in 1.2 into the metal cup which is placed on the sieve. Leave the sieve in the water bath at 48±C. Wait until liquid extract in a metal cup is almost all evaporated or is about 2 drops left

TLC Sheet Preparation

Write the sample ID on the TLC sheet. Do not touch the TLC sheet directly with your hands.This will create grease on the sheet and interfere the test.

Use a pencil to mark a spot in the middle of each column. This is the spot to drop the extraction. It is 1.5 cm measured from the bottom of the sheet.

The highest level where the solution can move is 8.5 cm measured from the bottom of the sheet. Mark the level lightly with a pencil

The remaining area from the marked level where the solution can move, write the sample and standard ID

Testing

Use the capillary tube to draw the sample extraction in 2 (if the solution in the metal cup are dried, drop 2 drops of the extraction in to the cup). Drop all the extraction by touching the tip of the capillary tube to the marked extraction dropping spot on the TLC sheet. Raise the capillary up and wait until the dropper extraction dried. Repeated about 4-6 times until the extraction runs out

Take TLC sheet and dip in to the TLC tank. Lean into the side of the bottle and close the lid (DO not shake or move the bottle)

When the solution moves to the specified level, open the lid and use the forecept to grip the TLC sheet. Place it on the side of the bottle and let it dry

Testing

Spray the TLC sheet with GPO-4 with distance 4-5 inches until it soaks. Let it to dry (1 minute)

Expose the TLC sheet with UV at the wavelength of 254 nm for 3-5 minute ( if expose to long, the sheet will be burn). If there is organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide, it will turn grey, brown black. Read the color comparing result and Rf of the standard pesticides.

Interpretation
Positive found grey, brown-black spot on the TLC sheet. This shows that there is organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide.
Negative no spot on the TLC sheet was found. This shows there is organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide.

The Result Reading (OC &P)

Precaution of Storage

Should test under well-ventilated and far from heat or flash sources area.

Every chemical are hazardous. Direct inhalation or skin contact should be avoid

Used solution, if contact with hands, wash immediately with water or if contact with eyes, irrigate with water and consult physician immediately.

Do not place the set near children. And store in a well ventilated area.